Carbohydrate diet fat low l
Abstract Background The effects of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on weight loss and risk factors for atherosclerosis have been incompletely assessed. Methods Eligibility and Study Design We conducted the trial between July 2005 and June 2007 in Dimona, Israel, in a workplace at a research center with an on-site medical clinic. Abstract Background Trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of weight-loss diets are frequently limited by short follow-up times and high dropout rates. The more favorable effects on lipids (with the low-carbohydrate diet) and on glycemic control (with the Mediterranean diet) suggest that personal preferences and metabolic considerations might inform individualized tailoring of dietary interventions. gov number, NCT00160108. Methods We randomly assigned 132 severely obese subjects (including 77 blacks and 23 women) with a mean body-mass index of 43 and a high prevalence of diabetes (39 percent) or the metabolic syndrome (43 percent) to a carbohydrate-restricted (low-carbohydrate) diet or a calorie- and fat-restricted (low-fat) diet. ) Full Text of Discussion. 4% at 1 year and 84. The Mediterranean-diet group consumed the largest amounts of dietary fiber and had the highest ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fat (P Full Text of Results. Future studies evaluating long-term cardiovascular outcomes are needed before a carbohydrate-restricted diet can be endorsed. Conclusions Severely obese subjects with a high prevalence of diabetes or the metabolic syndrome lost more weight during six months on a carbohydrate-restricted diet than on a calorie- and fat-restricted diet, with a relative improvement in insulin sensitivity and triglyceride levels, even after adjustment for the amount of weight lost. The criteria for eligibility were an age of 40 to 65 years and a body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of at least 27, or the presence of type 2 diabetes (according to the American Diabetes Association criteria 18 ) or coronary heart disease, regardless of age and BMI.
Figure 2 Weight Changes during 2 Years According to Diet Group. The participants were randomly assigned within strata of sex, age (below or above the median), BMI (below or above the median), history of coronary heart disease (yes or no), history of type 2 diabetes (yes or no), and current use of statins (none, The members of each of the three diet groups were assigned to subgroups of 17 to 19 participants, with six subgroups for each group. Methods Subjects The study was approved by the institutional review board at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and an approved consent form was signed by each subject. (ClinicalTrials. Article Activity 517 articles have cited this article Article The differences in health benefits between a carbohydrate-restricted diet and a calorie- and fat-restricted diet are of considerable public interest. Conclusions Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets may be effective alternatives to low-fat diets. 6% at 2 years. This finding should be interpreted with caution, given the small magnitude of overall and between-group differences in weight loss in these markedly obese subjects and the short duration of the study. Each diet group was assigned a registered dietitian who led all six subgroups of that group. Inclusion criteria were an age of at least 18 years and a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of at least 35. Results The rate of adherence to a study diet was 95. During an enrollment period that lasted from May to November 2001, 132 subjects from the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center were randomly assigned to either the low-carbohydrate diet or the low-fat diet, with use of a preestablished algorithm generated from a random set of numbers. Media in This Article Figure 1 Enrollment of the Participants and Completion of the Study.
